The Salary Gap: an obstacle to gender equality



For many members of the “millennial” generation, feminism is a thing of the past, devoid of any relevance in modern society.

“You’re equal,” they say.  “What is there left to fight for?”

The first-generation feminists fought for suffrage.  The second-generation feminists fought for equal access to education and employment and for abortion rights, among other things. 

Their blood, sweat, and tears paved the way for a new generation of women who grew up secure in the fact that they could do everything the boys could do.  They attended the best colleges, broke into the male-dominated corporate world, and learned what it was like “to have it all.”

And when a woman “has it all,” why would she attempt to break that mold? 

The answer is as simple as this statistic: a woman still gets paid an average of 77 cents to a man’s dollar.

NPR reported that the gender salary gap holds steady, despite President Barack Obama’s passage of the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Restoration Act in January of 2009, which extended the amount of time pay discrimination victims have to file lawsuits.

Women of color face an even greater wage disparity. 

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Chart credit: NPR

Economists credit the pay gap to the greater likelihood of a woman taking childcare leave and a woman’s tendency to work in lower-paying fields.

But Catalyst, a women’s research group, found that among MBA graduates, women were paid $4,600 less for their first job.  This pay rate even applied to women without children.

Economist Heather Boushey of the Center for American Progress said that the pay gap grows over time.  She cited research that indicates that women are less likely to negotiate a pay raise.

“There are assumptions that women don’t care about money, which is crazy!” said Ilene Lang of Catalyst, in an interview with NPR.  “There are assumptions that women will always have men who will take care of them, that women will get married, have children and drop out of the labor force.  All those assumptions are just not true.”

In 1963, when Congress passed the Equal Pay Act, women made 59 cents to a man’s dollar.  In the past 47 years, many strides have been made toward the equality of women.  But on the salary plane, only 18 cents have been gained.

Today’s woman can be as educated, as qualified and as skilled in a field and still make less money than a man.

That doesn’t sound very equal to me.

Exhibit links public health and public diplomacy



University of Southern California Public Diplomacy student Paul S. Rockower illustrates the connection between public diplomacy and public health in the photography exhibit “A Focus on Global Health.”

Capturing Rockower’s travels from Los Angeles to Panama, the exhibit features images of environmental degradation, famine, water scarcity, chronic and infectious disease epidemics, and socio-economic development.

“Public health practitioners and institutions must engage in facets of public diplomacy in order to deal with pressing global health issues,” Rockower said. “Through advocacy and listening, cultural exchange and cultural diplomacy, both the public diplomat and public health practitioner affect global change.”

Hosted by the USC Institute for Global Health, the exhibit opened on April 5 at 5:15 p.m. at the Tyler Prize Pavillion at USC. Speakers included Neal Baer, the director of the Institute for Photographic Empowerment, and Sandra de Castro Buffington, the director of Hollywood, Health and Society.

The exhibit will run from April 5 to 16. For more information, go to globalhealth.usc.edu.

Mobile medical clinic to come to South L.A.



Free health services are coming to South Los Angeles next month.

Lawmakers announced Wednesday that the Remote Area Medical mobile clinic will be setting up shop at the Los Angeles Sports Arena from April 27 to May 3.

Last summer, the Remote Area Medical clinic at the Forum in Inglewood drew in 6,300 uninsured and under-insured people.

It was the largest in Remote Area Medical history, eliciting the help of 3,827 volunteers to provide $2.8 million in free services.

Unfortunately, the demand was higher than the supply.  Last year’s mobile clinic had to turn away thousands.

This year, Remote Area Medical is attempting to engage enough doctors, dentists, and healthcare professionals to treat and feed 1,200 people a day.

“When you turn away as many thousands of people are we did, and I was unfortunately the person who had to go out and give them the bad news, you want to go back and say, ‘Let’s try it again,’ ” Stan Brock, a Remote Area Medical sponsor, said in an interview with the Los Angeles Times. “These were nice folks. It never ceases to amaze me, every time we do one, the condition of people in this country and how many cannot get the basic care they need.”

For more information, check out Remote Area Medical’s website.

BLOG: Income and ethnicity prove determinants in health of women



A recent study found that income and ethnicity are determining factors in the health of Los Angeles women.

The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health released Health Indicators for Women on March 3.

It reported an increased risk of premature death for African American women, a disproportionate lack of insurance in the Latina community and an insufficient amount of preventative treatment for Asian American women.

“I think, in general, the report is pretty accurate as to what we see here,” John Merryman, spokesman for the South Bay Family Health Care, which has clinics in Redondo Beach, Inglewood, Gardena and Carson, told the Daily Breeze.

Findings included:

*Eight hundred and two African American women out of 100,000 died prematurely, compared to the county average of 556 per 100,000.

*More than a third of the Latina community is uninsured. Six percent of white women are uninsured.

*Asian/Pacific Islanders are the least likely group to have a Pap test in the last three years or a mammogram in the last two years.

*Only 54 percent of uninsured women had a mammogram in the last two years. Seventy-nine percent of women with private insurance had one.

*South Los Angeles had the highest obesity rate among women at 41 percent.

Health Indicators for Women failed to include the percentage of women who are illegal immigrants and the effects of their citizenship on their health.

The Department of Public Health hopes this report will be influential in closing these gaps in health care.

“Our physical and social environment impacts everyone’s health and there are terrible discrepancies,” Dr. Jonathan Fielding, the director of the county health department, told the Daily Breeze.

Merryman said access to health care is the biggest issue presented in the study, calling it the thing to “even the playing field.”

But Dr. Rita Singhal, an author of the report, told the Los Angeles Times that this issue transcends access, especially in the African American female community. She suspects that racial discrimination and stress also play a role.

“What types of resources are required to meet the needs of these women? That’s something we need policy makers to look at,” Singhal said.

BLOG: Compton competes for art services funds



Help the City of Compton establish the Hub Heritage, Culture and Art Gallery!

Under the sponsorship of RAY’s Recycler, Inc., Compton is vying for ART 4 ALL funding from the Pepsi Corporation.

On January 13, the Pepsi Corporation launched its Refresh America Campaign. The campaign has committee millions of dollars to fund art programs and galleries.

RAY’s Recycler, Inc. is requesting $50,000 for the Hub Heritage, Culture and Art Gallery.

It hopes that the gallery will provide a wide array of art services to Compton, including:

*A Public Culture and Art Center
*An Anti-Graffiti Mural Program
*Art Classes and Cultural Exhibits
*A Community Arts Newsletter
*Technical and Financial Assistance for Artists
*An Art Registry for Community Artists

Hub City Livin’ reported that the gallery will also “provide alternative to gang and drug activity, support local artists, provide art framing and matting services, and share positive perspectives with different ethnic cultures through visual arts, spoken word and music.”

Ray Fox, a contributor to Hub City Livin’, said in an article, “The [Hub Heritage, Culture and Art Gallery] will become one of Compton’s most vital and important community cultural resource.”

But it needs your vote.

Voting to determine the allocation of funds is taking place during the month of March.

To vote, go here.

Making children count in 2010 Census



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Six fitness zones designated in South LA



imageOn a clear morning, Esthela Jimenez brought her family to the park.

It was a warm day, but despite the glaring sun, they settled in the area of the park that was the most exposed.

Situated in a 1,200 square foot zone, nine pieces of exercise equipment stood on decomposed, golden granite.

Jimenez’s son struggled to maneuver on an aerobic machine meant for those several years older, her husband worked up a sweat on the zone’s elliptical, and Jimenez walked between the nine machines, testing each one briefly.

For Jimenez, trips to the parks have become part of her daily schedule thanks to the “fitness zone.”

“Two weeks ago, I walked around and I saw these machines,” she said. “I think, ‘I’m going to come,’ and I’m here almost every day, twice a day.”

Jimenez is not alone.

On Jan. 16, Los Angeles City Councilwoman Jan Perry dedicated the first of six fitness zones in South Los Angeles.

The fitness zones include weather-resistant exercise equipment for strength training and aerobic exercise.

The Trust for Public Land received funding from Kaiser Permanente’s Healthy Eating, Active Living grants of $900,000 to be spent over three years for this equipment, as part of a park revitalization project.

The Community Redevelopment Agency of Los Angeles also provided funding.

imageFrom their inception, these zones have made a splash in the community.

“[People are] on them the second the crew is done installing them,” said Pascaline Derrick, a project manager at the Trust for Public Land. “There’s usually people standing around waiting for their completion.”

And their popularity has not waned.

“I have personally come by here twice since we’ve had them up and operating early in the morning, and I’ve seen 20, 30, 40 people at a time,” said Mark Mariscal, the superintendent for the Pacific Region of the Los Angeles Department of Recreation and Parks.

George Zimmerman works out at a fitness zone three to four times a week. The 76-year-old South Los Angeles resident uses the equipment to strengthen his legs.

“With the kind of equipment they have here, I don’t have to go and get a membership at some club,” Zimmerman said. “You catch a lot of people who are overweight, need the exercise and can’t afford to go to a gym, so this is a convenience that we all need really.”

Mariscal estimated that the park usage has increased 300 to 400 percent since the zone’s installation and predicted that it will continue to grow.

Perry credited this overwhelming usage to the zones’ accessibility.

“They are easy to use, and anyone of any ability can get on there,” Perry said. “You don’t have to be in shape to get in shape.

“And they are actually fun.”

This ease of use is due to the isometric weight resistance of the machines. The equipment employs its users’ body weight to engage nine muscle groups.

But the zones’ accessibility extends beyond the equipment.

The Trust for Public Land chose the locations of the fitness zones because of their accessibility to parking and park resources.

In several parks, the zones reside next to playgrounds, encouraging parents to exercise while their children play.

“The parent and the child are both outdoors, exercising, really getting out of the chair, not watching TV… and they’re out doing physical activity which is great,” said Mariscal.

Many zones are placed within sight of the park administrative offices to address safety concerns.

Michael Goran, a professor in preventative medicine at the Keck School of Medicine’s Center for Childhood Obesity, said safety is a key consideration when assessing the success of the fitness zones.

“If they are in areas that are perceived to be safe, this could be a great help [in combating obesity],” Goran said. “You’d have to increase physical activity quite a bit to get any effects … you need to design the resource to make it more accessible to the public.”

imageOne of the effects to which Goran referred is a decrease in the obesity rates in the area.

Goran said the obesity rate is between 50 and 60 percent in communities of color. He estimated that rate is even higher in South Los Angeles.

In South Los Angeles’s 90007 and 90011 zip codes, up to 37 percent of children are overweight. That percentage soars to 54 percent when it comes to children who are not physically fit, according to the Healthy Eating Active Communities project.

Mariscal said these childhood obesity rates have tripled in the past 20 years.

“We see it at our rec centers, where we see a lot of inactivity from kids,” Mariscal said. He noted that some children are not able to complete the walk from school to the recreation centers without “huffing and puffing.”

“We’ve placed [the fitness zones] in places of high need where we have a big population of residents who are obese and who have diabetes and hypertension,” Derrick said.

The Trust for Public Land’s consideration of South Los Angeles proves a great resource for the area, said Perry.

“We are battling disproportionate statistics on obesity,” Perry said. “But this is an opportunity for South L.A. to address these issues in an upbeat and positive way and as a family.”

This story is part of a collaboration between KPCC.org and Intersections: The South Los Angeles Report.

Photo credit: Christine Trang

BLOG: West Adams receives architectural nod



imageOnce the home of silent film stars and burgeoning banking and mining typhoons, the graceful streets of the West Adams neighborhood have lost their prestige. But they have not lost their architectural wealth.

This Old House Magazine listed West Adams eighth on its list of “Best Old House Neighborhoods 2010,” giving it the honor of the “best place for movie fans.”

It also ranked West Adams as the best neighborhood for city life and singles.

“West Adams seems like a studio backdrop for the set of a perfect small town,” the article read. “It’s become a shared secret among those of more modest means, who love its authentic feel in a city often chided for its artificiality.”

According to This Old House, the Craftsman and Mission-style architecture of the area is “glitzed to the max with detail.”

Yet when considering the area’s history, this “glitz” is hardly surprising.

West Adams was largely developed between 1887 and 1915, according to the West Adams Heritage Association.

Lawrence Doheny, Isidore Dockweiller and William Andrew Clark were among its many famous residents.

imageAmong its many architectural styles are Transitional Arts and Crafts, Craftsman Bungalow and Mission Revival.

The Adams Boulevard Corridor was a haven for new wealth in Los Angeles, said the West Adams Heritage Association.

But as the boom of the roaring twenties died down, so did West Adams’s popularity.

After many decades of decline, a revitalization effort brought the area back into the spotlight during the 1980s.

A new wave of homeowners put time and fresh coats of paint on West Adams’s several historic houses.

“When you have everyone working together to preserve and maintain a neighborhood, it’s a very powerful approach,” longtime resident David Raposa told This Old House.

The area has seen an influx of artists, designers, and media professionals, making it one of Los Angeles’s most diverse communities, according to KCET’s Life and Times series.

Now, several of the homes in West Adams have been restored to their former glory, putting the area in the perfect position for the This Old House nod.

“What we looked for was simple,” the publication said. “Oft-overlooked neighborhoods populated by people who share an appreciation of finely crafted homes that have plenty of past and lots of future.”

Photo credit: Creative Commons

BLOG: Apprenticeship drive attracts aspiring construction workers



The city of Compton sought to increase construction employment at its inaugural “Apprentice Drive” on Feb. 18.

Compton Careerlink Worksource Center and the Community Redevelopment Agency partnered to host the drive.

Sixty aspiring workers attended the event held at the Worksource Center.

The drive provided information about several construction projects in Compton. It also facilitated registration for the State of California’s Apprenticeship Program, according to the Los Angeles Sentinel.

Workers must complete the state apprenticeship program in order to work on a licensed construction project.

“The information and resources to be shared will be able to be used to obtain work anywhere in the state, not just here in the Hub City,” reported the Compton Bulletin.

But the Apprenticeship Drive favoured Compton’s construction projects and residents.

“As long as [the participants] are training and will get certified, they most likely will be able to work,” said Shana Bishop, a Compton Careerlink employee. “Especially the Compton residents. They get first dibs.”

Compton Bulletin editor Allison Jean Eaton commented on the many positives of the program on Hub City Livin’.

“Everyone who attends and signs up for the program will get priority noticing on all city-funded and city-sponsored construction projects. This means they will be alerted about job bids a full week before the job bids go public, giving them a leg up on landing a job,” Eaton said.

And these job opportunities could not come at a better time.

Compton’s unemployment rate was 20.5 percent as of December. Trade union representatives saying as many as 20 to 50 percent of their members are out of work, according to an article in the Compton Bulletin.

Bishop credits the drive’s popularity to these high unemployment rates.

“People are hungry and looking for employment. So that if there’s a job or a foot in the door for a job, people are interested,” Bishop said.

These jobs will also benefit the city of Compton. It is currently constructing a transit center, a senior center, and a parking structure, reported the Compton Bulletin.

Bishop said the “Apprenticeship Drive” was a success. She said the Compton Careerlink plans to host another drive.

Murals bring street art to Manual Arts High School



On Feb. 20, Manual Arts Senior High School hosted the “2020 Visionaries” project. Twenty street artists from across Los Angeles painted murals on the school’s grounds.

Art teacher John Latsko describes the event “In His Own Words.”